Publications

For full publication list, please refer to Google Scholar.

✉️ indicates corresponding authors. Undererlined students are from my group.

Zhenhua Zou, Guosheng, Qiuyang Zhan, Lepeng Zhao, Shuo Li, Qi Li, Ke Xu, Mingwei Xu, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

(2026). Blind Gods and Broken Screens: Architecting a Secure, Intent-Centric Mobile Agent Operating System.

Preprint

Lepeng Zhao, Zhenhua Zou, Shuo Li, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

(2026). Anonymization-Enhanced Privacy Protection for Mobile GUI Agents: Available but Invisible.

Preprint

Zixuan Liu, Yi Zhao, Zhuotao Liu, Qi Li, Chuanpu Fu, Guangmeng Zhou, Ke Xu (2026). A Universal Black-Box Evasion Attack against ML-based Malicious Traffic Detection Systems. NDSS26.

Peiyang Li, Fukun Mei, Ye Wang, Zhuotao Liu, Ke Xu, Chao Shen, Qian Wang, Qi Li (2026). Achieving Interpretable DL-based Web Attack Detection through Malicious Payload Localization. NDSS26.

Xinhao Deng, Yixiang Zhang, Qi Li, Zhuotao Liu, Yabo Wang, Ke Xu (2026). Enhancing Website Fingerprinting Attacks against Traffic Drift. NDSS26.

Yihao Chen, Qi Li, Ke Xu, Zhuotao Liu, Jianping Wu (2026). Understanding the Stealthy BGP Hijacking Risk in the ROV Era. NDSS26.

Zhenhua Zou, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Lepeng Zhao, Qiuyang Zhan (2025). BlockA2A: Towards Secure and Verifiable Agent-to-Agent Interoperability.

Preprint

Mengyu Zhang, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Jingwen Huang, Xuanqi Liu (2025). Agentic Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning.

Preprint

Jinzhu Yan, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Yuyang Xie, Shiyu Liang, Lin Liu, Ke Xu (2025). CertTA: Certified Robustness Made Practical for Learning-Based Traffic Analysis. Sec25.

Code DOI

Hanlin Huang, Ke Xu, Tong Li, Zhuotao Liu, Xinle Du, Xiangyu Gao (2025). DiffECN: Differential ECN Marking for Datacenter Networks. IEEE Transactions on Networking (ToN) 2025.

DOI

Luming Yang, Lin Liu, Jun-Jie Huang, Zhuotao Liu, Shiyu Liang, Shaojing Fu, Yongjun Wang (2025). MM4flow: A Pre-trained Multi-modal Model for Versatile Network Traffic Analysis. CCS25.

DOI

Yinchao Zhang, Su Yao, Yong Feng, Kang Chen, Tong Li, Zhuotao Liu, Yi Zhao, Lexuan Zhang, Xiangyu Gao, Feng Xiong, Qi Li, Ke Xu (2025). Pegasus: A Universal Framework for Scalable Deep Learning Inference on the Dataplane. SIGCOMM25.

PDF DOI

Xinle Du, Tong Li, Guangmeng Zhou, Zhuotao Liu, Hanlin Huang, Xiangyu Gao, Mowei Wang, Kun Tan, Ke Xu (2025). PRED: Performance-oriented Random Early Detection for Consistently Stable Performance in Datacenters. NSDI25.

DOI

Tong Li, Xinle Du, Xiangyu Gao, Guangmeng Zhou, Hanling Huang, Zhuotao Liu, Mowei Wang, Kun Tan, Ke Xu (2025). Revisiting Random Early Detection Tuning for High-Performance Datacenter Networks. IEEE Transactions on Networking (ToN) 2025.

DOI

✨ Distinguished Paper Award Winner

Zhenhua Zou, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Jinyong Shan, Qi Li, Ke Xu, Mingwei Xu (2025). RingSG: Optimal Secure Vertex-Centric Computation for Collaborative Graph Processing. CCS25.

DOI

Guangmeng Zhou, Xiongwen Guo, Zhuotao Liu, Tong Li, Qi Li, Ke Xu (2025). TrafficFormer: An Efficient Pre-trained Model for Traffic Data. S&P25.

DOI

Yuqi Qing, Qilei Yin, Xinhao Deng, Xiaoli Zhang, Peiyang Li, Zhuotao Liu, Kun Sun, Ke Xu, Qi Li (2025). Training Robust Classifiers for Classfiying Encrypted Traffic under Dynamic Network Conditions. CCS25.

DOI

Jinzhu Yan

Equal contribution

, Haotian Xu

Equal contribution

, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Qi Li, Ke Xu, Mingwei Xu, Jianping Wu (2024). Brain-on-Switch: Towards Advanced Intelligent Network Dataplane via NN-Driven Traffic Analysis at Line-Speed. NSDI24.

Code PDF DOI

Zhenhua Zou, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Jinyong Shan, Qi Li, Ke Xu, Mingwei Xu (2024). CoGNN: Towards Secure and Efficient Collaborative Graph Learning. CCS24.

Code DOI

Qi Tan, Li Qi, Yi Zhao, Zhuotao Liu, Xiaobing Guo, Ke Xu (2024). Defending Against Data Reconstruction Attacks in Federated Learning: An Information Theory Approach. Sec24.

DOI

Yuanyuan Qing, Tao Bai, Zhuotao Liu, Pierre Moulin, Bihan Wen (2024). Detection of Adversarial Attacks via Disentangling Natural Images and Perturbations. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS) 2024.

DOI

Ziming Zhao, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Huan Chen, Fan Zhang, Zhuoxue Song, Zhaoxuan Li (2024). Effective DDoS Mitigation via ML-Driven In-Network Traffic Shaping. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC) 2024.

DOI

✨ Distinguished Paper Award Winner

✨ 2024 Internet Defense Prize Winner

Yihao Chen, Qilei Yin, Qi Li, Zhuotao Liu, Ke Xu, Mingwei Xu, Ziqian Liu, Jianping Wu (2024). Learning with Semantics: Towards a Semantics-Aware Routing Anomaly Detection System. Sec24.

PDF DOI

Yuqi Qing, Qilei Yin, Xinhao Deng, Yihao Chen, Zhuotao Liu, Kun Sun, Ke Xu, Jia Zhang, Qi Li (2024). Low-Quality Training Data Only? A Robust Framework for Detecting Encrypted Malicious Network Traffic. NDSS24.

PDF DOI

Xuanqi Liu, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Qi Li, Ke Xu, Mingwei Xu (2024). Pencil: Private and Extensible Collaborative Learning without Non-Colluding Assumption. NDSS24.

DOI

Xiyuan Zhao, Xinhao Deng, Qi Li, Yunpeng Liu, Zhuotao Liu, Kun Sun, Ke Xu (2024). Towards Fine-Grained Webpage Fingerprinting at Scale. CCS24.

PDF DOI

✨ Distinguished Paper Award Winner

Guangmeng Zhou, Zhuotao Liu, Chuanpu Fu, Qi Li, Ke Xu (2023). An Efficient Design of Intelligent Network Data Plane. Sec23.

DOI

Mohammad Al-Fares, Virginia Beauregard, Kevin Grant, Angus Griffith, Quan Leng, Alexander Lin, Zhuotao Liu, Bill Martinusen, Nikil Mehta, Jeffrey Mogul, Andrew Narver, Anshul Nigham, Sean Smith, Amin Vahdat (2023). Change Management in Physical Network Lifecycle Automation. ATC23.

DOI

Yi He, Roland Guo, Yunlong Xing, Xijia Che, Kun Sun, Zhuotao Liu, Ke Xu, Qi Li (2023). Cross Container Attacks: The Bewildered eBPF on Clouds. Sec23.

DOI

Pengcheng Fang, Zhenhua Zou, Xusheng Xiao, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

(2023). iSyn: Semi-Automated Smart Contract Synthesis from Legal Financial Agreements. ISSTA23.

DOI

Peiyang Li, Ye Wang, Qi Li, Zhuotao Liu, Ke Xu, Ju Ren, Zhiying Liu, Ruilin Lin (2023). Learning from Limited Heterogeneous Training Data: Meta-Learning for Unsupervised Zero-day Web Attack Detection across Web Domains. CCS23.

DOI

Qi Li, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Qi Li, Ke Xu (2023). martFL: Enabling Utility-Driven Data Marketplace with a Robust and Verifiable Federated Learning Architecture. CCS23.

Code DOI

Yunpeng Liu, Kexin Li, Zhuotao Liu, Bihan Wen, Ke Xu, Weiqiang Wang, Wenbiao Zhao, Qi Li (2023). Provenance of Training without Training Data: Towards Privacy-Preserving DNN Model Ownership Verification. WWW23.

DOI

Xinhao Deng, Qilei Yin, Zhuotao Liu, Xiyuan Zhao, Qi Li, Mingwei Xu, Ke Xu, Jianping Wu (2023). Robust Multi-tab Website Fingerprinting Attacks in the Wild. S&P23.

DOI

Xiaoliang Wang, Zhuotao Liu, Qi Li, Yangfei Guo, Sitong Ling, Jiangou Zhan, Yi Xu, Ke Xu, Jianping Wu (2023). Secure Inter-domain Routing and Forwarding via Verifiable Forwarding Commitments. Arxiv Preprint.

PDF

Peirui Cao, Shizhen Zhao, Dai Zhang, Zhuotao Liu, Mingwei Xu, Min Yee Teh, Yunzhuo Liu, Xinbing Wang, Chenghu Zou (2023). Threshold-Based Routing-Topology Co-Design for Optical Data Center. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) 2023.

DOI

Qilei Yin, Zhuotao Liu, Qi Li, Tao Wang, Qian Wang, Chao Shen, Yixiao Xu (2022). Automated Multi-Tab Website Fingerprinting Attack. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC) 2022.

DOI

Pengcheng Fang, Peng Gao, Changlin Liu, Erman Ayday, Kangkook Jee, Ting Wang, Tanfang (Fanny) Ye, Zhuotao Liu, Xusheng Xiao (2022). Back-Propagating System Dependency Impact for Attack Investigation. Sec22.

Code DOI

Qi Li, Xinhao Deng, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Yuan Yang, Xiaoyue Zou, Qian Wang, Mingwei Xu, Jianping Wu (2022). Dynamic Network Security Function Enforcement via Joint Flow and Function Scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS) 2022.

DOI

Bo-Rong Chen, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Fanhui Zeng, Zhoushi Zhu, Siva Phani Keshav Bachu, Yih-Chun Hu (2022). FlowTele: Remotely Shaping Traffic on Internet-Scale Networks. CoNEXT22.

DOI

Zijie Yang, Jiahao Cao, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Xiaoli Zhang, Kun Sun, Qi Li (2022). Good Learning, Bad Performance: A Novel Attack Against RL-Based Congestion Control Systems. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS) 2022.

DOI

Zhuotao Liu, Yangxi Xiang, Jian Shi, Peng Gao, Haoyu Wang, Xusheng Xiao, Bihan Wen, Qi Li, Yih-Chun Hu (2022). Make Web3.0 Connected. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC) 2022.

Code DOI

Yi He, Zhenhua Zou, Kun Sun, Zhuotao Liu, Ke Xu, Qian Wang, Chao Shen, Zhi Wang, Qi Li (2022). RapidPatch: Firmware Hotpatching for Real-Time Embedded Devices. Sec22.

DOI

Sainan Li, Qilei Yin, Guoliang Li, Qi Li, Zhuotao Liu, Jinwei Zhu (2022). Unsupervised Contextual Anomaly Detection for Database Systems. SIGMOD22.

DOI

Jiaming Mu, Binghui Wang, Qi Li, Kun Sun, Mingwei Xu, Zhuotao Liu (2021). A Hard Label Black-box Adversarial Attack Against Graph Neural Networks. CCS21.

Code PDF DOI

Qi Li, Yunpeng Liu, Zhuotao Liu

Corresponding Author

, Peng Zhang, Chunhui Pang (2021). Efficient Forwarding Anomaly Detection in Software-Defined Networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS) 2021.

Code DOI

Shengqu Xi, Shao Yang, Xusheng Xiao, Yuan Yao, Yayuan Xiong, Fengyuan Xu, Haoyu Wang, Peng Gao, Zhuotao Liu, Feng Xu, Jian Lu (2019). DeepIntent: Deep Icon-Behavior Learning for Detecting Intention-Behavior Discrepancy in Mobile Apps. CCS19.

Code DOI

Zhuotao Liu, Yangxi Xiang, Jian Shi, Peng Gao, Haoyu Wang, Xusheng Xiao, Bihan Wen, Yih-Chun Hu (2019). HyperService: Interoperability and Programmability Across Heterogeneous Blockchains. CCS19.

Code DOI

Zhuotao Liu, Yuan Cao, Xuewu Zhang, Changping Zhu, Fan Zhang (2019). Managing Recurrent Virtual Network Updates in Multi-Tenant Datacenters: A System Perspective. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS) 2019.

DOI

Zhuotao Liu, Yuan Cao, Min Zhu, Wei Ge (2019). Umbrella: Enabling ISPs to Offer Readily Deployable and Privacy-Preserving DDoS Prevention Services. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (TIFS) 2019.

PDF Code DOI

Bo Wu, Ke Xu, Qi Li, Zhuotao Liu, Yih-Chun Hu, Martin J. Reed, Meng Shen, Fan Yang (2018). Enabling Efficient Source and Path Verification via Probabilistic Packet Marking. IWQoS18.

DOI

Zhuotao Liu, Kai Chen, Haitao Wu, Shuihai Hu, Yih-Chun Hu, Yi Wang, Gong Zhang (2018). Enabling Work-Conserving Bandwidth Guarantees for Multi-Tenant Datacenters via Dynamic Tenant-Queue Binding. INFOCOM18.

PDF DOI

Zhuotao Liu, Hao Jin, Yih-Chun Hu, Michael Bailey (2018). Practical Proactive DDoS-Attack Mitigation via Endpoint-Driven In-Network Traffic Control. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) 2018.

Code DOI

Zhuotao Liu, Yushan Liu, Philipp Winter, Prateek Mittal, Yih-Chun Hu (2017). TorPolice: Towards enforcing service-defined access policies for anonymous communication in the Tor network. ICNP17.

DOI

Zhuotao Liu, Hao Jin, Yih-Chun Hu, Michael Bailey (2016). MiddlePolice: Toward Enforcing Destination-Defined Policies in the Middle of the Internet. CCS16.

Code PDF DOI